Continuing with yesterdays post on Measuring cups I found this description in Houghtalings Handbook of Useful Information ©1884
Weights and Measures for Cooks, eto.
1 pound of Wheat Flour is equal to 1 quart
1 pound and 2 ounces of Indian Meal make 1 quart
1 pound of Soft Butter is equal to 1 quart
1 pound and 2 ounces of Best Brown Sugar make 1 quart
1 pound and 1 ounce of Powdered White Sugar make 1 quart
1 pound ol Broken Loaf Sugar is equal to 1 quart
4 Large Tablespoonfuls make 1/2 gill
1 Common-sized Tumbler holds 1/2 pint
1 Common-sized Wine-glass is equal to 1/2 gill
1 Tea-cup holds 1 gill
1 Large Wine-glass holds 2 ounces
1 Tablespoonful is equal to. 1/2 ounce
A gill is (according to the Free Online Dictionary) a unit of liquid measure equal to 1/4 pint or 4 ounces. With regard to dry measure it is equal to 1/4 of a British Imperial pint. Which in today's measurements would be 1/2 cup.
Showing posts with label Houghtalings. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Houghtalings. Show all posts
Monday, May 22, 2017
Wednesday, April 19, 2017
1884 Simple Interest Rates
From Houghtaling's Handbook of Useful Information ©1884
Simple Interest Bales.
FOUR FER CENT.—Multiply the principal by the number of days to run; separate the right hand figure from the product and divide by 9.
FIVE PER CENT.—Multiply by number of days and divide by 72,
SIX PER CENT.—Multiply by number of days; separate right hand figure, and divide Dy 6.
SEVEN AND THREE-TENTHS PER CENT.—Multiply by number of days, and double the amount so obtained. On $1(X> the interest is just two cents per day.
EIGHT PER CENT.—Multiply by number of days, and divide by 45.
NINE PER CENT.—Multiply by number of days; separate right hand figure, and divide by 4.
TEN PER CENT.—Multiply by number of days, and divide by 36.
TWELVE PER CENT.—Multiply by number of days; separate right hand figure, and divide by 3.
Simple Interest Bales.
FOUR FER CENT.—Multiply the principal by the number of days to run; separate the right hand figure from the product and divide by 9.
FIVE PER CENT.—Multiply by number of days and divide by 72,
SIX PER CENT.—Multiply by number of days; separate right hand figure, and divide Dy 6.
SEVEN AND THREE-TENTHS PER CENT.—Multiply by number of days, and double the amount so obtained. On $1(X> the interest is just two cents per day.
EIGHT PER CENT.—Multiply by number of days, and divide by 45.
NINE PER CENT.—Multiply by number of days; separate right hand figure, and divide by 4.
TEN PER CENT.—Multiply by number of days, and divide by 36.
TWELVE PER CENT.—Multiply by number of days; separate right hand figure, and divide by 3.
Monday, January 30, 2017
Mason Dixon Line
We've all heard and possibly have used this phrase when referring to the North and South of the United States. However, we've come a long way from what or rather how this phrase came into use. It's from an old surveyors map, one produced by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon from 1763-1767. Below you can see a short explanation of it from the 1884 copy of Houghtaling's Handbook of Useful Information, also I have a link to The History of Mason & Dixon's Line ©1855 for even more information.
Mason and Dixon's Line.
A name given to the southern boundary line of the Free State of Pennsylvania which formerly separated it from the Slave States of Maryland and Virginia, It was run—with the exception of about twenty-two miles—by Charles Mason and Jei emiah Dixon, two English mathematicians and surveyors, between Nov. 15, 1763, and Dec. 26, 1767. During the excited debase in Congress, in 1820, on the question of excluding slavery from Missouri, the eccentric John Randolph of Roanoke made great use of this phrase, which was caught up and re-echoed by every newspaper in the land, and thus gained a celebrity which it still retains.
Mason and Dixon's Line.
A name given to the southern boundary line of the Free State of Pennsylvania which formerly separated it from the Slave States of Maryland and Virginia, It was run—with the exception of about twenty-two miles—by Charles Mason and Jei emiah Dixon, two English mathematicians and surveyors, between Nov. 15, 1763, and Dec. 26, 1767. During the excited debase in Congress, in 1820, on the question of excluding slavery from Missouri, the eccentric John Randolph of Roanoke made great use of this phrase, which was caught up and re-echoed by every newspaper in the land, and thus gained a celebrity which it still retains.
Thursday, January 26, 2017
Fictitious Names of Cities
Continuing with the them of fictitious names of places in the 19th century, today's tidbit comes from Houghtalings Handbook of Useful Information ©1884.
BLUFF CITY.—A descriptive name popularly given to the city of Hannibal, Missouri.
CITY OF BROTHERLY LOVE.—Philadelphia is sometimes so called, this being the literal signification of the name.
CITY OF CHURCHES.—A name popularly given to the city of Brooklyn, N.Y., from the unusually large number of churches which it contains.
CITY OF ELMS.—A familiar denomination of New Haven,
Conn., many of the streets of which are thickly shaded with lofty elms.
CITY OF MAGNIFICENT DISTANCES.—A popular deidgnation given to the city of Washington, the capital of the United States, which is faid out on a very large scale, being intended to cover a space four miles and a half long, and two miles and a half broad, or eleven square miles. The entire site is traversed by two sets of streets from 70 to 100 feet wide, at right angles to one another, the whole again intersected obliquely by fifteen avenues from 130 to 160 feet wide.
CITY OF NOTIONS.—In the United States, a popular name for the city of Boston, Mass., the metropolis of Yankeedom.
CITY OF ROCKS.—A descriptive name popularly given, in the United States, to the city of Nashville, Tenn.
CITY OF SPINDLES.—A name popularly given to the city of Lowell, Mass., the largest cotton-manufacturing town in the United States.
CITY OF THE STRAITS.—A name popularly given to Detroit, which is situated on the west bank of the river or strait connecting Lake St. Clair with Lake Erie. Detroit is a French word, meaning " strait."
CRESCENT CITY.—A popular name for the city of New Orleans, the older portion of which is built around the convex side of a bend of the Mississippi River.
EMPIRE CITY.—The city of New York, the chief city of the western world, and the metropolis of the Empire State.
FALL CITY.—Louisville, Ky.;—popularly so called from the falls which, at this place, impede the navigation of the Oldo River.
FLOUR CITY.—A popular designation, in the United States, for the city of Rochester, NY a place remarkable for its extensive manufactories of flour.
FLOWER CITY.—Springfield, Illinois, the capital of the State, which is distinguished for the beauty of its surroundings.
FOREST CITY.—1. Cleveland, Ohio;—so called from the many ornamental trees with which the streets are bordered. 2. A name given to Portland, Maine, a city distinguished for its many elms and other beautiful shade-trees.
GARDEN CITY.—A popular name for Chicago, a city which is remarkable for the number and beauty of its private gardens.
GARDEN OF THE WEST.—A name usually given to Kansas, but sometimes applied to Illinois and others of the Western States, which are all noted for their productiveness.
GATE CITY.—Keokuk, Iowa;—popularly so called. It is situated at the foot of the lower rapids of the Mississippi.
GOTHAM.—A popular name for the city of New York.
HUB OF THE UNI VERSE.—A burlesque and popular designation of Boston, Mass., orignating with the American humorist, O. W. Holmes.
IRON CITY—A name popularly given in the United States, to Pittsburg, Pa., a city distinguished for its numerous and immense iron manufactures.
MONUMENTAL CITY.—The city of Baltimore; — so called from the monuments which it contains.
MOUND CITY.—A name popularly given to St. Louis, on account of the numerous artificial mounds that occupied the site on which the city is built.
PURITAN CITY.—A name sometimes given to the city of Boston, Mass., in allusion to the character of its founders and early inhabitants.
QUAKER CITY.—A popular name of Philadelphia, which was planned and settled by William Penn.
QUEEN CITY.—A popular name of Cincinnati;—so called when it was the undisputed commercial metropolis of the West.
QUEEN CITY OF THE LAKES.—A name sometimes given to the city of Buffalo, N. V., from its position and importance.
RAILROAD CITY,—Indianapolis, the capital of the State of Indiana, is sometimes called: by this name, as being the terminus of various railroads.
SMOKY CITY.—A name sometimes given to Pittsburg, an important manufacturing city of Pennsylvania.
BLUFF CITY.—A descriptive name popularly given to the city of Hannibal, Missouri.
CITY OF BROTHERLY LOVE.—Philadelphia is sometimes so called, this being the literal signification of the name.
CITY OF CHURCHES.—A name popularly given to the city of Brooklyn, N.Y., from the unusually large number of churches which it contains.
CITY OF ELMS.—A familiar denomination of New Haven,
Conn., many of the streets of which are thickly shaded with lofty elms.
CITY OF MAGNIFICENT DISTANCES.—A popular deidgnation given to the city of Washington, the capital of the United States, which is faid out on a very large scale, being intended to cover a space four miles and a half long, and two miles and a half broad, or eleven square miles. The entire site is traversed by two sets of streets from 70 to 100 feet wide, at right angles to one another, the whole again intersected obliquely by fifteen avenues from 130 to 160 feet wide.
CITY OF NOTIONS.—In the United States, a popular name for the city of Boston, Mass., the metropolis of Yankeedom.
CITY OF ROCKS.—A descriptive name popularly given, in the United States, to the city of Nashville, Tenn.
CITY OF SPINDLES.—A name popularly given to the city of Lowell, Mass., the largest cotton-manufacturing town in the United States.
CITY OF THE STRAITS.—A name popularly given to Detroit, which is situated on the west bank of the river or strait connecting Lake St. Clair with Lake Erie. Detroit is a French word, meaning " strait."
CRESCENT CITY.—A popular name for the city of New Orleans, the older portion of which is built around the convex side of a bend of the Mississippi River.
EMPIRE CITY.—The city of New York, the chief city of the western world, and the metropolis of the Empire State.
FALL CITY.—Louisville, Ky.;—popularly so called from the falls which, at this place, impede the navigation of the Oldo River.
FLOUR CITY.—A popular designation, in the United States, for the city of Rochester, NY a place remarkable for its extensive manufactories of flour.
FLOWER CITY.—Springfield, Illinois, the capital of the State, which is distinguished for the beauty of its surroundings.
FOREST CITY.—1. Cleveland, Ohio;—so called from the many ornamental trees with which the streets are bordered. 2. A name given to Portland, Maine, a city distinguished for its many elms and other beautiful shade-trees.
GARDEN CITY.—A popular name for Chicago, a city which is remarkable for the number and beauty of its private gardens.
GARDEN OF THE WEST.—A name usually given to Kansas, but sometimes applied to Illinois and others of the Western States, which are all noted for their productiveness.
GATE CITY.—Keokuk, Iowa;—popularly so called. It is situated at the foot of the lower rapids of the Mississippi.
GOTHAM.—A popular name for the city of New York.
HUB OF THE UNI VERSE.—A burlesque and popular designation of Boston, Mass., orignating with the American humorist, O. W. Holmes.
IRON CITY—A name popularly given in the United States, to Pittsburg, Pa., a city distinguished for its numerous and immense iron manufactures.
MONUMENTAL CITY.—The city of Baltimore; — so called from the monuments which it contains.
MOUND CITY.—A name popularly given to St. Louis, on account of the numerous artificial mounds that occupied the site on which the city is built.
PURITAN CITY.—A name sometimes given to the city of Boston, Mass., in allusion to the character of its founders and early inhabitants.
QUAKER CITY.—A popular name of Philadelphia, which was planned and settled by William Penn.
QUEEN CITY.—A popular name of Cincinnati;—so called when it was the undisputed commercial metropolis of the West.
QUEEN CITY OF THE LAKES.—A name sometimes given to the city of Buffalo, N. V., from its position and importance.
RAILROAD CITY,—Indianapolis, the capital of the State of Indiana, is sometimes called: by this name, as being the terminus of various railroads.
SMOKY CITY.—A name sometimes given to Pittsburg, an important manufacturing city of Pennsylvania.
Benjamin Franklin's Words of Wisdom
In honor of Benjamin Franklin's Birthday last week I've selected this list of quotes from Houghtaling's Handbook of Useful Information ©1887
Ben. Franklin's Words of Wisdom.
Want of care does us more damage than want of knowledge.
For want of a nail the shoe was lost, and for want of a shoe the horse was lost.
For age and want save while you may, no morning sun lasts all the day.
Experience keeps a dear school, but fools will learn in no other.
Lying rides upon debt's back; it is hard for an empty bag to stand upright.
Creditors have better memories than debtors.
Women and wine, game and deceit, make the wealth small and the want great.
What maintains one vice would bring up two children.
Plough deep while sluggards sleep; and you shall have corn to sell and to keep.
Work to-day for you know not how much you may be hindered tomorrow.
Fly pleasure and it will follow you. The diligent spinner has a large shift.
Now I have a sheep and a cow, everybody bids me good morrow.
Keep they shop, and they shop will keep thee.
If you would have your business done, go, if not, send.
Who dainties love shall beggars prove. Fools lay out money and buy repentance.
Foolish men make feasts, and wise men eat them.
He that by the plough would thrive, himself must either hold or drive.
The eye of the master will do more work than both his hands.
Silks and Satins, Scarlet and Velvets, put out the kitchen fire.
Always taking out of the meal tub and never putting in, soon comes to the bottom.
Drive thy business, let not that drive thee. Sloth makes all things difficult, industry all easy.
Early to bed and early to rise; makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
If you would know the value of money, try to borrow some.
When the well is dry, they know the worth of water.
Not to over see workmen, is to leave them your purse open.
If you would have a faithful servant, and one that you like, serve yourself.
By diligence and perseverance the mouse eat the cable in two.
Diligence is the mother of good luck; and God gives all things to industry.
Industry needs not wish, and he that lives upon hope will die fasting.
There are no gains without pains; then help hands, for I have no lands.
Buy what thou hast no need of, and ere long thou wilt sell thy necessaries.
At a great pennyworth pause awhile; many are ruined by buying bargains.
Ben. Franklin's Words of Wisdom.
Want of care does us more damage than want of knowledge.
For want of a nail the shoe was lost, and for want of a shoe the horse was lost.
For age and want save while you may, no morning sun lasts all the day.
Experience keeps a dear school, but fools will learn in no other.
Lying rides upon debt's back; it is hard for an empty bag to stand upright.
Creditors have better memories than debtors.
Women and wine, game and deceit, make the wealth small and the want great.
What maintains one vice would bring up two children.
Plough deep while sluggards sleep; and you shall have corn to sell and to keep.
Work to-day for you know not how much you may be hindered tomorrow.
Fly pleasure and it will follow you. The diligent spinner has a large shift.
Now I have a sheep and a cow, everybody bids me good morrow.
Keep they shop, and they shop will keep thee.
If you would have your business done, go, if not, send.
Who dainties love shall beggars prove. Fools lay out money and buy repentance.
Foolish men make feasts, and wise men eat them.
He that by the plough would thrive, himself must either hold or drive.
The eye of the master will do more work than both his hands.
Silks and Satins, Scarlet and Velvets, put out the kitchen fire.
Always taking out of the meal tub and never putting in, soon comes to the bottom.
Drive thy business, let not that drive thee. Sloth makes all things difficult, industry all easy.
Early to bed and early to rise; makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
If you would know the value of money, try to borrow some.
When the well is dry, they know the worth of water.
Not to over see workmen, is to leave them your purse open.
If you would have a faithful servant, and one that you like, serve yourself.
By diligence and perseverance the mouse eat the cable in two.
Diligence is the mother of good luck; and God gives all things to industry.
Industry needs not wish, and he that lives upon hope will die fasting.
There are no gains without pains; then help hands, for I have no lands.
Buy what thou hast no need of, and ere long thou wilt sell thy necessaries.
At a great pennyworth pause awhile; many are ruined by buying bargains.
Wednesday, January 25, 2017
Fictitious Names of States
Today's tidbit again comes from the 1884 edition of Houghtaling's Handbook, available at Google books. I thought this list would be helpful when writing dialogue for some of our characters. Someone who has grown up in an area might use some of these terms rather than use the actual name of a state. Enjoy!
BADGER STATE.—A name popularly given to the State of Wisconsin.
BAY STATE.—A popular name of Massachusetts, which, previous to the adoption of the Federal Constitution, was called the Colony of Massachusetts Bay,
BAYOU STATE.—Aname sometimes given to the State of Mississippi, which abounds in bayous, or creeks.
BEAR STATE.—A name by which the State of Arkansas is sometimes designated, on account of the number of Bears that formerly infested Its forests.
CREOLE STATE.—A name sometimes given to the State of Louisiana, in which the decendants of die original French and Spanish settlers constitute a large proportion of the population.
DIAMOND STATE.—A name oometlmes given to the State of Delaware, from its small size and great worth, or supposed Importance.
EMPIRE STATE.—A popular name of the State of New York the most populous and the wealthiest State in the Union.
EXCELSIOR STATE.—The State of New York, sometimes so called from the motto "Excelsior" upon Its coat of arms.
FREESTONE STATE.—The State of Connecticut;—sometimes so called from the quarries of freestone which it contains.
GRANITE STATE.—A popular name for the State of New Hampshire, the mountanlous portions of which are largely composed of granite.
GREEN-MOUNTAIN STATE.—A popular name for the State of Vermont, the Green Mountains being the principal mountain range in the State.
HAWKEYE STATE.—The State of Iowa;—said to be so named after an Indian chief, who was once a terror toVoyageurs to its borders.
HOOSIER STATE.—The State of Indiana, the inhabitants of which are often called Hoosiers. This word is a corruption of Husher, formerly a common term for a bully, throughout the West.
KEYSTONE STATE.—The State of Pennsylvania ;—so called from its having been the central State of the Union at the time of the formation of the Constitution. If the names of the thirteen original States are arranged in the form of an arch, Pennsylvania will occupy the place of the keystone.
LAKE STATE—A name popularly given to the State of Michigan, which borders upon the four lakes, Superior, Michigan, Huron, and Erie.
LONE-STAR STATE.—The State of Texas;—so called from the device on its coat of arms.
LUMBER STATE.—A popular designation for the State of Maine, the inhibltants of which are largely engaged in the business of cutting and rafting lumber, or of converting it into boards, shingles, scantlings, and the like.
MOTHER OF PRESIDENTS.—A name frequently given. in the United States to the State of Virginia, which has furnished six presidents to the Union.
MOTHER OF STATES.—A name sometimes given to Virginia, the first-settled of the thirteen States which united in the declaration of independence.
NUTMEG STATE.—A popular name, in America, for the State of Connecticut, the inhabitants of which have such a reputation for shrewdness, that they have been jocosely accused of palming off wooden nutmegs on unsuspecting purchasers, instead of the genuine article.
OLD COLONY.—A name popularly given to that portion of Massachusetts included within the original limits of the Plymouth colony, which was formed at an earlier date than the colony of Massachusetts Bay.
OLD DOMINION.—A popular name for the State of Virginia.
OLD NORTH STATE.—A popular designation of the State of North Carolina.
PALMETTO STATE.—The State of South Carolina;—so called from the arms of the State, which contain a palmetto.
PENINSULAR STATE.—The State of Florida;—so called from its shape.
PDXE-TREE STATE.—A popular name of the State of Maine, the central and nothern portions of which are covered with extensive pine forests
PRAIRIE STATE.—A liame given to Illinois in allusion to the wide-spread and beautiful prairies, which foron a striking feature of the scenery of the State.
TURPENTINE STATE.—A popular name for the State of North Carolina, which produces and exports Immense quantities of turpentine.
BADGER STATE.—A name popularly given to the State of Wisconsin.
BAY STATE.—A popular name of Massachusetts, which, previous to the adoption of the Federal Constitution, was called the Colony of Massachusetts Bay,
BAYOU STATE.—Aname sometimes given to the State of Mississippi, which abounds in bayous, or creeks.
BEAR STATE.—A name by which the State of Arkansas is sometimes designated, on account of the number of Bears that formerly infested Its forests.
CREOLE STATE.—A name sometimes given to the State of Louisiana, in which the decendants of die original French and Spanish settlers constitute a large proportion of the population.
DIAMOND STATE.—A name oometlmes given to the State of Delaware, from its small size and great worth, or supposed Importance.
EMPIRE STATE.—A popular name of the State of New York the most populous and the wealthiest State in the Union.
EXCELSIOR STATE.—The State of New York, sometimes so called from the motto "Excelsior" upon Its coat of arms.
FREESTONE STATE.—The State of Connecticut;—sometimes so called from the quarries of freestone which it contains.
GRANITE STATE.—A popular name for the State of New Hampshire, the mountanlous portions of which are largely composed of granite.
GREEN-MOUNTAIN STATE.—A popular name for the State of Vermont, the Green Mountains being the principal mountain range in the State.
HAWKEYE STATE.—The State of Iowa;—said to be so named after an Indian chief, who was once a terror toVoyageurs to its borders.
HOOSIER STATE.—The State of Indiana, the inhabitants of which are often called Hoosiers. This word is a corruption of Husher, formerly a common term for a bully, throughout the West.
KEYSTONE STATE.—The State of Pennsylvania ;—so called from its having been the central State of the Union at the time of the formation of the Constitution. If the names of the thirteen original States are arranged in the form of an arch, Pennsylvania will occupy the place of the keystone.
LAKE STATE—A name popularly given to the State of Michigan, which borders upon the four lakes, Superior, Michigan, Huron, and Erie.
LONE-STAR STATE.—The State of Texas;—so called from the device on its coat of arms.
LUMBER STATE.—A popular designation for the State of Maine, the inhibltants of which are largely engaged in the business of cutting and rafting lumber, or of converting it into boards, shingles, scantlings, and the like.
MOTHER OF PRESIDENTS.—A name frequently given. in the United States to the State of Virginia, which has furnished six presidents to the Union.
MOTHER OF STATES.—A name sometimes given to Virginia, the first-settled of the thirteen States which united in the declaration of independence.
NUTMEG STATE.—A popular name, in America, for the State of Connecticut, the inhabitants of which have such a reputation for shrewdness, that they have been jocosely accused of palming off wooden nutmegs on unsuspecting purchasers, instead of the genuine article.
OLD COLONY.—A name popularly given to that portion of Massachusetts included within the original limits of the Plymouth colony, which was formed at an earlier date than the colony of Massachusetts Bay.
OLD DOMINION.—A popular name for the State of Virginia.
OLD NORTH STATE.—A popular designation of the State of North Carolina.
PALMETTO STATE.—The State of South Carolina;—so called from the arms of the State, which contain a palmetto.
PENINSULAR STATE.—The State of Florida;—so called from its shape.
PDXE-TREE STATE.—A popular name of the State of Maine, the central and nothern portions of which are covered with extensive pine forests
PRAIRIE STATE.—A liame given to Illinois in allusion to the wide-spread and beautiful prairies, which foron a striking feature of the scenery of the State.
TURPENTINE STATE.—A popular name for the State of North Carolina, which produces and exports Immense quantities of turpentine.
Saturday, December 17, 2016
Average Annual Rainfall in the United States 1886
This comes from Houghtaling's Handbook of Useful Information ©1887
Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Inches
Neah Bay, Wash. Ter.. . . . . . . . . . . 123
Sitka, Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
Ft. Haskins, Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . .66
Mt. Vernon, Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . .66
Baton Rouge, LA . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
Meadow Valley, CA. . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
Ft. Tonson, Indiana Ter.. . . . . . . . . . . 57
Ft. Myers, FL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
Washington, Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Huntsville, Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Natchez, Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
New Orleans, Louisianna. . . . . . . . . . 51
Savannah, GA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Springdale, Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . .48
Fortress Monroe, Va. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Memphis, Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Newark, New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Boston, MA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Brunswick, Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Cincinnati, Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
New Haven, Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . .44
Philadelphia, PA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Charleston, S.C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
New York City, N.Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Gaston, N. Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Richmond, Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Marietta, Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
St. Louis, Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Muscatine, Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Baltimore, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
New Bedford, MA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Providence, Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Ft. Smith, Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Hanover, New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Ft. Vancouver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Cleveland, Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
PIttsburgh, PA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Washington, D. C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
White Sulphur Springs, Va. . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Ft. Gibson, Indian Ter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Key West, Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Peoria, Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Burlington, Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Buffalo, New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Ft. Brown, Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Detroit, Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Milwaukee, Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Penn Yan, New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Ft. Kearney. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Ft. Snelling, Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Salt Lake City, Utah Ter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Mackinac, Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
San Francisco, California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Dallas, Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Sacramento, California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Ft. Massachusetts, Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Ft. Marcy, New Mexico Ter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Ft. Randall, Dakota Ter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Ft. Defiance, Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Ft. Craig, New Mexico Ter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
San Diego, California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Ft. Colville, Washington Ter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Ft. Bliss, Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Ft. Bridger, Utah Ter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Ft. Garland, Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Inches
Neah Bay, Wash. Ter.. . . . . . . . . . . 123
Sitka, Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
Ft. Haskins, Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . .66
Mt. Vernon, Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . .66
Baton Rouge, LA . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
Meadow Valley, CA. . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
Ft. Tonson, Indiana Ter.. . . . . . . . . . . 57
Ft. Myers, FL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
Washington, Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Huntsville, Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Natchez, Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
New Orleans, Louisianna. . . . . . . . . . 51
Savannah, GA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Springdale, Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . .48
Fortress Monroe, Va. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Memphis, Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Newark, New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Boston, MA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Brunswick, Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Cincinnati, Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
New Haven, Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . .44
Philadelphia, PA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Charleston, S.C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
New York City, N.Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Gaston, N. Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Richmond, Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Marietta, Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
St. Louis, Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Muscatine, Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Baltimore, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
New Bedford, MA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Providence, Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Ft. Smith, Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Hanover, New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Ft. Vancouver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Cleveland, Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
PIttsburgh, PA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Washington, D. C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
White Sulphur Springs, Va. . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Ft. Gibson, Indian Ter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Key West, Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Peoria, Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Burlington, Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Buffalo, New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Ft. Brown, Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Detroit, Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Milwaukee, Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Penn Yan, New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Ft. Kearney. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Ft. Snelling, Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Salt Lake City, Utah Ter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Mackinac, Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
San Francisco, California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Dallas, Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Sacramento, California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Ft. Massachusetts, Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Ft. Marcy, New Mexico Ter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Ft. Randall, Dakota Ter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Ft. Defiance, Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Ft. Craig, New Mexico Ter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
San Diego, California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Ft. Colville, Washington Ter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Ft. Bliss, Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Ft. Bridger, Utah Ter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Ft. Garland, Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Thursday, December 15, 2016
Average Annual Temperature in United States 1887
Place of Average
Observation Temperature
Tucson, Arizona . . . . 69
Jacksonville, FL. . . . 69
New Orleans, LA. . . 69
Austin, Tx . . . . . . . .67
Mobile, Al . . . . . . . .66
Jackson, Mississippi. .64
Little Rock, AR . . . . 63
Columbia, S.C. . . . . .62
Ft. Gibson, Indian Ter 60
Raleigh, N.C. . . . . .59
Atlantia, GA . . . . . .58
Nashville, Tn. . . . . .58
Richmond, VA . . . . 57
Louisville, Ky. . . . . 56
San Francisco, CA . . 55
Washington, D.C. . . .55
St. Louis, Missouri . . 55
Baltimore, Maryland . 54
Harrisburg, PA . . . . . 54
Wilmington, De. . . . .53
Trenton, NJ . . . . . . . 53
Columbus, OH . . . . .53
Portland, Or . . . . . . .53
Ft. Boise, Idaho. . . . .52
Salt Lake City, Ut . . .52
Romney, W.V. . . . . .52
Indianapolis, IN . . . . 51
Leavenworth, KS . . . 51
Santa Fe, N.M. Ter. . .51
Sterlacoom, W. Ter. . .51
Hartford, CT. . . . . . . 50
Springfield, IL. . . . . . 50
Camp Scott, NV. . . . .50
Des Moines, IA. . . . . 49
Omaha, NE . . . . . . . .49
Denver, CO. . . . . . . . 48
Boston, MA. . . . . . . . 48
Albany, NY. . . . . . . . 48
Providence, RI . . . . . .48
Detroit, MI. . . . . . . . . 47
Ft. Randall, Dakota Ter. .47
Sitka, Alaska . . . . . . . 46
Concord, NH . . . . . . . 46
Augusta, Me . . . . . . . .45
Madison, Wisconsin . . 45
Helena, Montana Ter . . 43
Montpelier, Vermont. . . 43
St. Paul, Minnesota . . . .42
Observation Temperature
Tucson, Arizona . . . . 69
Jacksonville, FL. . . . 69
New Orleans, LA. . . 69
Austin, Tx . . . . . . . .67
Mobile, Al . . . . . . . .66
Jackson, Mississippi. .64
Little Rock, AR . . . . 63
Columbia, S.C. . . . . .62
Ft. Gibson, Indian Ter 60
Raleigh, N.C. . . . . .59
Atlantia, GA . . . . . .58
Nashville, Tn. . . . . .58
Richmond, VA . . . . 57
Louisville, Ky. . . . . 56
San Francisco, CA . . 55
Washington, D.C. . . .55
St. Louis, Missouri . . 55
Baltimore, Maryland . 54
Harrisburg, PA . . . . . 54
Wilmington, De. . . . .53
Trenton, NJ . . . . . . . 53
Columbus, OH . . . . .53
Portland, Or . . . . . . .53
Ft. Boise, Idaho. . . . .52
Salt Lake City, Ut . . .52
Romney, W.V. . . . . .52
Indianapolis, IN . . . . 51
Leavenworth, KS . . . 51
Santa Fe, N.M. Ter. . .51
Sterlacoom, W. Ter. . .51
Hartford, CT. . . . . . . 50
Springfield, IL. . . . . . 50
Camp Scott, NV. . . . .50
Des Moines, IA. . . . . 49
Omaha, NE . . . . . . . .49
Denver, CO. . . . . . . . 48
Boston, MA. . . . . . . . 48
Albany, NY. . . . . . . . 48
Providence, RI . . . . . .48
Detroit, MI. . . . . . . . . 47
Ft. Randall, Dakota Ter. .47
Sitka, Alaska . . . . . . . 46
Concord, NH . . . . . . . 46
Augusta, Me . . . . . . . .45
Madison, Wisconsin . . 45
Helena, Montana Ter . . 43
Montpelier, Vermont. . . 43
St. Paul, Minnesota . . . .42
Friday, December 9, 2016
Most Northern Point Reached by Arctic Explorers
From Houghtalings Handbook of Useful Information ©1887
The following table shows the furthest points of north latitude reached by Arctic explorers, up to and including the Greely expedition:
Year..........Explorer.........................................No. Latitude
1607 .........Hudson..........................................80d 23m 00s
1773 .........Phipps (Lord Musgrove) .................80d 48m 00s
1806 .........Scoresby ........................................81d 12m 42s
1827 .........Parry .............................................82d 45m 30s
1874 .........Meyer (on land) .............................82d 09m 00s
1875 .........Markham (Nare's expedition) ..........83d 20m 26s
1876 .........Payer .............................................83d 07m 00s
1884 .........Lockwood (Greely's party) ..............83d 24m 00s
The distance from the farthest point of polar discovery to the pole itself is 6 deg. 46 min., or, in round numbers, 460 miles. It is thirty miles less than from Chicago to Omaha, by the lines of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul railway, over which the traveler rides in twenty hours. But this polar radius, though only 460 miles in extent, is covered by ice gorges and precipices of incredible difficulty; and frost is so severe that no instrument of human invention can measure its intensity, and it blisters the skin like extreme heat.
The greatest progress that has ever been made across these wilderness of storm, of fury and desolation, was at the rate of five or six miles in a day, the explorers often necessarily resting as many days as they had before travelled miles in a single day, debarred by the obstacles that they encountered.
The following table shows the furthest points of north latitude reached by Arctic explorers, up to and including the Greely expedition:
Year..........Explorer.........................................No. Latitude
1607 .........Hudson..........................................80d 23m 00s
1773 .........Phipps (Lord Musgrove) .................80d 48m 00s
1806 .........Scoresby ........................................81d 12m 42s
1827 .........Parry .............................................82d 45m 30s
1874 .........Meyer (on land) .............................82d 09m 00s
1875 .........Markham (Nare's expedition) ..........83d 20m 26s
1876 .........Payer .............................................83d 07m 00s
1884 .........Lockwood (Greely's party) ..............83d 24m 00s
The distance from the farthest point of polar discovery to the pole itself is 6 deg. 46 min., or, in round numbers, 460 miles. It is thirty miles less than from Chicago to Omaha, by the lines of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul railway, over which the traveler rides in twenty hours. But this polar radius, though only 460 miles in extent, is covered by ice gorges and precipices of incredible difficulty; and frost is so severe that no instrument of human invention can measure its intensity, and it blisters the skin like extreme heat.
The greatest progress that has ever been made across these wilderness of storm, of fury and desolation, was at the rate of five or six miles in a day, the explorers often necessarily resting as many days as they had before travelled miles in a single day, debarred by the obstacles that they encountered.
Monday, December 5, 2016
Value of Bar Iron
This comes from Houghtalings Handbook ©1887
Value of a Bar of Iron for Various Purposes.
A bar of iron worth five dollars, worked into horse-shoes, is worth ten dollars and fifty cents; made into needles, it is worth three hundred and fifty-five dollars; made into penknife-blades it is worth three thousand two hundred and eighty-five dollars; made into balance-springs of watches, it is worth two hundred and fifty thousand dollars.
Friday, December 2, 2016
Friday an Eventful day in America
Houghtaling's Handbook of Useful Information ©1887 say:
Friday, Columbus sailed on his voyage of discovery, Friday he discovered America. Friday, St. Augustine, Fla., the oldest town in the United States, was founded. Friday, Geo. Washington was born. Friday, Bunker Hill was seized and fortified. Friday the surrender of Saratoga was made. Friday, Cornwallis surrendered Yorktown. Friday, the Pilgrims arrived.
It's Friday, enjoy your weekend.
Friday, Columbus sailed on his voyage of discovery, Friday he discovered America. Friday, St. Augustine, Fla., the oldest town in the United States, was founded. Friday, Geo. Washington was born. Friday, Bunker Hill was seized and fortified. Friday the surrender of Saratoga was made. Friday, Cornwallis surrendered Yorktown. Friday, the Pilgrims arrived.
It's Friday, enjoy your weekend.
Wednesday, November 30, 2016
Salaries of U.S. Officials
Source is Houghtalings Handbook of Useful Information © 1887
(Salaries per Year)
Pension Agents at
Augusta, Me $4,000
Boston, Ma $4,000
Chicago, Ill $4,000
Concord, N.H. $4,000
Des Moines Iowa $4,000
Detroit, Mich $4,000
Indianapolis, Ind $4,000
Knoxville, Tenn $4,000
Louisville, Ky $4,000
Milwaukee, Wis $4,000
New York, N.Y. $4,000
Philadelphia, PA $4,000
Pittsburgh, PA $4,000
San Francisco, CA $4,000
Syracuse, N.Y. $4,000
Topeka, Kans $4,000
Washington, D.C. $4,000
(Salaries per Year)
Pension Agents at
Augusta, Me $4,000
Boston, Ma $4,000
Chicago, Ill $4,000
Concord, N.H. $4,000
Des Moines Iowa $4,000
Detroit, Mich $4,000
Indianapolis, Ind $4,000
Knoxville, Tenn $4,000
Louisville, Ky $4,000
Milwaukee, Wis $4,000
New York, N.Y. $4,000
Philadelphia, PA $4,000
Pittsburgh, PA $4,000
San Francisco, CA $4,000
Syracuse, N.Y. $4,000
Topeka, Kans $4,000
Washington, D.C. $4,000
Tuesday, November 29, 2016
The Greatest Billiard Match
The greatest billiard march ever played in America was 2,000 points up, four caroms, for $10,000, between Phelan and Sweereiter, at Detroit, Mich., on April 12, 1859. Phelan was the winner, scoring 2,001 points to his opponent's 1,994.
Micahael Phelan is written up today as: The Father of American Billiards. An expert player, author, manufacturer, inventor, and tireless promoter of the game. Worked endlessly to improve the game's image, and spread its popularity to all levels of society. Authored the first American books devoted exclusively to billiards. Founded The Billiard Cue, billiards' first periodical. His Arcadia Billiard Parlor, in New York City, set the trend for the lavish rooms to follow. Holds numerous patents for table design and cushions. Was the first to put ivory "diamonds" on the rails. His "angular" pockets—perhaps his greatest invention—led to incredible shotmaking streaks. Won the first major stakes match in American history, winning $15,000, in 1859.
Source: The above information comes from Recroomonline.com online. They are a great source for overall tidbits on the personalities in the sport of Pool.
Micahael Phelan is written up today as: The Father of American Billiards. An expert player, author, manufacturer, inventor, and tireless promoter of the game. Worked endlessly to improve the game's image, and spread its popularity to all levels of society. Authored the first American books devoted exclusively to billiards. Founded The Billiard Cue, billiards' first periodical. His Arcadia Billiard Parlor, in New York City, set the trend for the lavish rooms to follow. Holds numerous patents for table design and cushions. Was the first to put ivory "diamonds" on the rails. His "angular" pockets—perhaps his greatest invention—led to incredible shotmaking streaks. Won the first major stakes match in American history, winning $15,000, in 1859.
Source: The above information comes from Recroomonline.com online. They are a great source for overall tidbits on the personalities in the sport of Pool.
Saturday, November 26, 2016
Deepest Wells in the World
Deepest Wells in the World.
The deepest well drilled in the United States is that of George Westinghouse, at Homewood, near the city of Pittsburgh, Pa., which on Dec. 1, 1886, had reached a depth of 4,618 feet, when the tools were lost and drilling ceased. The Buchanan farm well of the Niagara Oil Company, drilled by Frederick Crocker, in Hopewell township, Washington, Co., Pa., is 4,303 feet deep. The Rush well of the Niagara Oil Company, in Washington, Co., Pa., was abandoned at 3,330 feet. The deep well of Jonathan Watson, near Titusville, Pa., was drilled about 3,500 ft. J.M. Guffey & Co.'s well on the Walz farm at West Newton, Westmoreland Co., Pa., was drilled to a depth of 3,500 ft. The well of Isaac Willets at Sargent's Mills, near Sycamore, in Greene County, Pa., was abandoned at 3,008 feet.
The deepest bore hole in Europe is at Schladebach, near Kotschan station, on the railway between Corbetha and Leipzig, and was untertaken by the Prussian Government in search for coal. The apparatus used is a diamond drill, down the hollow shaft of which water is forced, raising again to the surface outside the shaft of the drill and inside the tube in which the drill works. By this method cores of about fifty feet in length have been obtained. The average length bored in twenty-four hours is twenty to thirty-three feet, but under favorable circumstances as much as 180 feet has been bored in that time. Other deep holes are as follows:
Domnitz, near Wetting . . . 3,287 ft
Probat-Jesar, Mecklenburg . . . 3,957 ft
Sperenberg, near Zossen . . . 4,173 ft
Unseburg, near Strassfurt. . . .4,242 ft
Leith-Elmshorn, Holstein . . . 4,390 ft
Schladebach. . . 4,515 ft
The deepest well drilled in the United States is that of George Westinghouse, at Homewood, near the city of Pittsburgh, Pa., which on Dec. 1, 1886, had reached a depth of 4,618 feet, when the tools were lost and drilling ceased. The Buchanan farm well of the Niagara Oil Company, drilled by Frederick Crocker, in Hopewell township, Washington, Co., Pa., is 4,303 feet deep. The Rush well of the Niagara Oil Company, in Washington, Co., Pa., was abandoned at 3,330 feet. The deep well of Jonathan Watson, near Titusville, Pa., was drilled about 3,500 ft. J.M. Guffey & Co.'s well on the Walz farm at West Newton, Westmoreland Co., Pa., was drilled to a depth of 3,500 ft. The well of Isaac Willets at Sargent's Mills, near Sycamore, in Greene County, Pa., was abandoned at 3,008 feet.
The deepest bore hole in Europe is at Schladebach, near Kotschan station, on the railway between Corbetha and Leipzig, and was untertaken by the Prussian Government in search for coal. The apparatus used is a diamond drill, down the hollow shaft of which water is forced, raising again to the surface outside the shaft of the drill and inside the tube in which the drill works. By this method cores of about fifty feet in length have been obtained. The average length bored in twenty-four hours is twenty to thirty-three feet, but under favorable circumstances as much as 180 feet has been bored in that time. Other deep holes are as follows:
Domnitz, near Wetting . . . 3,287 ft
Probat-Jesar, Mecklenburg . . . 3,957 ft
Sperenberg, near Zossen . . . 4,173 ft
Unseburg, near Strassfurt. . . .4,242 ft
Leith-Elmshorn, Holstein . . . 4,390 ft
Schladebach. . . 4,515 ft
Wednesday, November 23, 2016
Time Required for Digesting Food Part 2
Continued from yesterday's post from Houghtaling's Handbook ©1887
FOOO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HOW COOKED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HOURS.MINUTES
Fowls, domestic. . . . . . . . . . . Roasted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.00
Hashed meat and vegetables. .Warmed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.30
Lamb, fresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Broiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.30
Milk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00
Milk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Raw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.15
Mutton, fresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Broiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00
Oysters, fresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Broiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00
Oysters, fresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Raw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.55
Oysters, fresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roasted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.15
Parsnips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.30
Pork, steak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Broiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.15
Pork, fat and lean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roasted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.15
Pork, recently salted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stewed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00
Pork, recently salted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fried . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.15
Potatoes, Irish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Baked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.30
Potatoes, Irish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.30
Salmon, salted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.00
Sausages, fresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Broiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.20
Soup, bean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00
Soup, chicken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00
Soup, mutton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.30
Soup, beef, vegetables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.00
Trout, salmon, fresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.30
Turkey, domesticated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roasted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.30
Veal, fresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.00
Veal, fresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fried . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.30
FOOO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HOW COOKED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HOURS.MINUTES
Fowls, domestic. . . . . . . . . . . Roasted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.00
Hashed meat and vegetables. .Warmed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.30
Lamb, fresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Broiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.30
Milk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00
Milk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Raw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.15
Mutton, fresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Broiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00
Oysters, fresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Broiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00
Oysters, fresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Raw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.55
Oysters, fresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roasted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.15
Parsnips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.30
Pork, steak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Broiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.15
Pork, fat and lean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roasted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.15
Pork, recently salted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stewed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00
Pork, recently salted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fried . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.15
Potatoes, Irish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Baked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.30
Potatoes, Irish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.30
Salmon, salted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.00
Sausages, fresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Broiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.20
Soup, bean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00
Soup, chicken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00
Soup, mutton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.30
Soup, beef, vegetables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.00
Trout, salmon, fresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.30
Turkey, domesticated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roasted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.30
Veal, fresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.00
Veal, fresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fried . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.30
Time Required for Digesting Food
The information below comes from Houghtaling's Handbook ©1887
Time Required for Digesting Food
FOOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HOW COOKED. . . . . . . HoursMinutes
Apples, sour, hard . . . . . . . raw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.50
Apples, sweet, mellow . . . . raw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.30
Bass, striped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Broiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00
Beans, pod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.30
Beans and green corn . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . 3.45
Beef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fried . . . . . . . 4.00
Beefstead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Broiled . . . . . . . 3.00
Beef, fresh, lean, dry . . . . . . . Roasted . . . . . . . 3.30
Beef, fresh, lean, rare . . . . . . . Roasted . . . . . . . 3.00
Beets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boiled. . . . . . . 3.00
Bread, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Baked . . . . . . . 3.15
Bread, wheat, fresh . . . . . . . Baked . . . . . . . 1.30
Cabbage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Raw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.30
Cabbage, with vinegar . . . . . . . Raw . . . . . . . 2.00
Cabbage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.30
Carrot, orange . . . . . . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.13
Catfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fried. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.30
Cheese, old, strong . . . . . . . Raw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.30
Chicken, full grown . . . . . . . Fricasseed . . . . . . . 2.45
Codfish, cured dry . . . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00
Custard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Baked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.45
Duck, tame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roasted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.00
Duck, wild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roasted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.30
Eggs, fresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Raw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00
Eggs, fresh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scrambled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.30
Eggs, fresh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roasted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.15
Eggs, fresh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Soft boiled. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00
Eggs, fresh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hard boiled. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.30
Eggs, fresh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fried. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.30
Time Required for Digesting Food
FOOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HOW COOKED. . . . . . . HoursMinutes
Apples, sour, hard . . . . . . . raw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.50
Apples, sweet, mellow . . . . raw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.30
Bass, striped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Broiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00
Beans, pod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.30
Beans and green corn . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . 3.45
Beef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fried . . . . . . . 4.00
Beefstead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Broiled . . . . . . . 3.00
Beef, fresh, lean, dry . . . . . . . Roasted . . . . . . . 3.30
Beef, fresh, lean, rare . . . . . . . Roasted . . . . . . . 3.00
Beets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boiled. . . . . . . 3.00
Bread, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Baked . . . . . . . 3.15
Bread, wheat, fresh . . . . . . . Baked . . . . . . . 1.30
Cabbage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Raw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.30
Cabbage, with vinegar . . . . . . . Raw . . . . . . . 2.00
Cabbage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.30
Carrot, orange . . . . . . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.13
Catfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fried. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.30
Cheese, old, strong . . . . . . . Raw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.30
Chicken, full grown . . . . . . . Fricasseed . . . . . . . 2.45
Codfish, cured dry . . . . . . . Boiled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00
Custard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Baked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.45
Duck, tame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roasted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.00
Duck, wild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roasted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.30
Eggs, fresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Raw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00
Eggs, fresh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scrambled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.30
Eggs, fresh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roasted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.15
Eggs, fresh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Soft boiled. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00
Eggs, fresh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hard boiled. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.30
Eggs, fresh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fried. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.30
Thursday, November 17, 2016
Language of Flowers Part 2
Continuing yesterday's post with the rest of the list from Houghtalings Handbook ©1887
Language of Flowers Con't.
FLOWERS . . . . . . . SENTIMENTS
Geranium, Apple . . . . . . . Prsent preference
Geranium, Ivy . . . . . . . Your hand for the next dance
Geranium, Nutmeg . . . . . . . I expect a meeting
Geranium, Oak . . . . . . . Lady deign to smile
Geranium, Rose . . . . . . . Preference
Geranium, Silver Leaf . . . . . . . Recall
Gillyflower . . . . . . . Lasting beauty
Golden Rod . . . . . . . Encouragement
Guelder Rose (Snowball) . . . . . . . Winter
Hawthorn . . . . . . . Hope
Heliotrope, Peruvian . . . . . . . I love you; Devotion
Honeysuckle . . . . . . . Bond of love
Horse-Chestnut . . . . . . . Luxury
Hyacinth . . . . . . . Jealousy
Mint . . . . . . . Virtue
Morning Glory . . . . . . . Coquetry
Myrtle . . . . . . . Love
Oats . . . . . . . Music
Orange . . . . . . . Generosity
Pansy . . . . . . . Think of Me
Pink . . . . . . . Pure affection
Pink, Double-Red. . . . . . . Pure, ardent love
Rose, Moss . . . . . . . Superior Merit
Rose, Tea . . . . . . . Always lovely
Rose, White . . . . . . . I am worthy of you
Tuberose . . . . . . . Dangerous pleasures
Verbena . . . . . . . Sensibility
Violet, Blue . . . . . . . Love
Violet, White . . . . . . . Modesty
Language of Flowers Con't.
FLOWERS . . . . . . . SENTIMENTS
Geranium, Apple . . . . . . . Prsent preference
Geranium, Ivy . . . . . . . Your hand for the next dance
Geranium, Nutmeg . . . . . . . I expect a meeting
Geranium, Oak . . . . . . . Lady deign to smile
Geranium, Rose . . . . . . . Preference
Geranium, Silver Leaf . . . . . . . Recall
Gillyflower . . . . . . . Lasting beauty
Golden Rod . . . . . . . Encouragement
Guelder Rose (Snowball) . . . . . . . Winter
Hawthorn . . . . . . . Hope
Heliotrope, Peruvian . . . . . . . I love you; Devotion
Honeysuckle . . . . . . . Bond of love
Horse-Chestnut . . . . . . . Luxury
Hyacinth . . . . . . . Jealousy
Mint . . . . . . . Virtue
Morning Glory . . . . . . . Coquetry
Myrtle . . . . . . . Love
Oats . . . . . . . Music
Orange . . . . . . . Generosity
Pansy . . . . . . . Think of Me
Pink . . . . . . . Pure affection
Pink, Double-Red. . . . . . . Pure, ardent love
Rose, Moss . . . . . . . Superior Merit
Rose, Tea . . . . . . . Always lovely
Rose, White . . . . . . . I am worthy of you
Tuberose . . . . . . . Dangerous pleasures
Verbena . . . . . . . Sensibility
Violet, Blue . . . . . . . Love
Violet, White . . . . . . . Modesty
Language of Flowers
One of my favorite movies is Kate & Leopold. There are a variety of reasons this film has become one of my favorites and I won't bore you with that list. But there is a scene in that film where Leopold is helping Kate's brother select the proper flower. I found it interesting and intriguing. Below is a post from Houghtaling's Handbook ©1887 entitled "Language of Flowers." Enjoy.
Language of Flowers
FLOWERS . . . . . . . SENTIMENTS
Acacia . . . . . . . Concealed love
Acacia, Rose . . . . . . . Friendship
Almond . . . . . . . Hope
Apple-Blossom . . . . . . . Preference
Arbor-Vitae . . . . . . . Unchanging friendship
Arbutus, Trailing . . . . . . . Welcome
Bachelor's Button . . . . . . . Hope in love
Bell Flower . . . . . . . Gratitude
Box . . . . . . . Constancy
Calla Lily . . . . . . . Feminine beauty
Cedar . . . . . . . I live for thee
China Aster . . . . . . . I will think of it
Chrysanthemum, Rose . . . . . . . I love
Clover, Red . . . . . . . Industry
Corn . . . . . . . Riches
Cowslip, American . . . . . . . You are my divinity
Daffodil . . . . . . . Chivalry
Dahlia . . . . . . . Forever thine
Daisy, Garden . . . . . . . I partake your sentiments
Daisy, White . . . . . . . Innocence
Daisy, Wild . . . . . . . I will think of it.
Dandelion . . . . . . . Coquetry
Elm, American . . . . . . . Patriotism
Forget-me-not . . . . . . . True love
Fuschia . . . . . . . The ambition of my love thus plagues itself
Fuschia, Scarlet . . . . . . . Taste.
Language of Flowers
FLOWERS . . . . . . . SENTIMENTS
Acacia . . . . . . . Concealed love
Acacia, Rose . . . . . . . Friendship
Almond . . . . . . . Hope
Apple-Blossom . . . . . . . Preference
Arbor-Vitae . . . . . . . Unchanging friendship
Arbutus, Trailing . . . . . . . Welcome
Bachelor's Button . . . . . . . Hope in love
Bell Flower . . . . . . . Gratitude
Box . . . . . . . Constancy
Calla Lily . . . . . . . Feminine beauty
Cedar . . . . . . . I live for thee
China Aster . . . . . . . I will think of it
Chrysanthemum, Rose . . . . . . . I love
Clover, Red . . . . . . . Industry
Corn . . . . . . . Riches
Cowslip, American . . . . . . . You are my divinity
Daffodil . . . . . . . Chivalry
Dahlia . . . . . . . Forever thine
Daisy, Garden . . . . . . . I partake your sentiments
Daisy, White . . . . . . . Innocence
Daisy, Wild . . . . . . . I will think of it.
Dandelion . . . . . . . Coquetry
Elm, American . . . . . . . Patriotism
Forget-me-not . . . . . . . True love
Fuschia . . . . . . . The ambition of my love thus plagues itself
Fuschia, Scarlet . . . . . . . Taste.
Tuesday, November 15, 2016
Herschel's Weather Table
This comes from Houghtaling's Handbook ©1887
Herschel's Weather-table for foretelling the Weather, throughout each year, forever
This Table and the accompanying remarks are the result of many years' observation, the whole being constructed on a due consideration of the attraction of the Sun and Moon, in their several positions repspecting the Earth, and will by simply inspection, show the ovserver what kind of weather will most probably follow the entrance of the Moon into any of its quarters, and that so near the truth as to be seldom or never found to fail.
The Chart
Observations 1. The nearer the time of the Moon's change, first quarter, full and last quarter are to Midnight the fairer will be the weather during the next seven days, 2. The space for this calculation occupies from ten at night till two next morning. 3. The nearer to Midday or Noon the phases or the Moon happens, the more foul or wet weather may be expected during the next seven days. 4. The space for this calculation occupies from ten in the forenoon to two in the afternoon. These observations refer principally to the Summer, though they effect Spring and Autumn nearly the same ratio. 5. The Moon's change, first quarter, full and last quarter, happening during six of the afternoon house, I.E. from four to ten, may be followed by fair weather; but this is mostly dependent on the wind, as is noted in the table. 6. Though the weather, from a variety of irregular causes, is more uncertain in the latter part of Autumn, the whole of Winter, and the beginning of Spring, yet in the main the above observations wil apply to those periods also. 7. To prognosticate correctly, where the Wind is concerned, a Vane should be in sight.
Herschel's Weather-table for foretelling the Weather, throughout each year, forever
This Table and the accompanying remarks are the result of many years' observation, the whole being constructed on a due consideration of the attraction of the Sun and Moon, in their several positions repspecting the Earth, and will by simply inspection, show the ovserver what kind of weather will most probably follow the entrance of the Moon into any of its quarters, and that so near the truth as to be seldom or never found to fail.
The Chart
Observations 1. The nearer the time of the Moon's change, first quarter, full and last quarter are to Midnight the fairer will be the weather during the next seven days, 2. The space for this calculation occupies from ten at night till two next morning. 3. The nearer to Midday or Noon the phases or the Moon happens, the more foul or wet weather may be expected during the next seven days. 4. The space for this calculation occupies from ten in the forenoon to two in the afternoon. These observations refer principally to the Summer, though they effect Spring and Autumn nearly the same ratio. 5. The Moon's change, first quarter, full and last quarter, happening during six of the afternoon house, I.E. from four to ten, may be followed by fair weather; but this is mostly dependent on the wind, as is noted in the table. 6. Though the weather, from a variety of irregular causes, is more uncertain in the latter part of Autumn, the whole of Winter, and the beginning of Spring, yet in the main the above observations wil apply to those periods also. 7. To prognosticate correctly, where the Wind is concerned, a Vane should be in sight.
Saturday, November 12, 2016
First Use of an Umbrella
With the excerpt below from Houghtalings it sent me searching for some 19th century information on umbrellas. In 1852 Samuel Fox invented the steel-ribbed umbrella. A huge improvement over the wood and baleen umbrella frames.
From Houghtalings Handbook ©1887
The First Use of an Umbrella
For many centuries the umbrella had been in common use in China and Japan before it was introduced into European countries. About 200 years ago, it was introduced into London by Jonas Hanway, a benevolent and eccentric old gentleman. When he first raised his umbrella, on a rainy day, he found it of unexpected use in keeping off a shower of sticks and stones, with which the street boys pelted him. For a long while it was considered effeminate and ridiculous to use an umbrella.
From Houghtalings Handbook ©1887
The First Use of an Umbrella
For many centuries the umbrella had been in common use in China and Japan before it was introduced into European countries. About 200 years ago, it was introduced into London by Jonas Hanway, a benevolent and eccentric old gentleman. When he first raised his umbrella, on a rainy day, he found it of unexpected use in keeping off a shower of sticks and stones, with which the street boys pelted him. For a long while it was considered effeminate and ridiculous to use an umbrella.
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